3 answers
G. Mark’s Answer
First thing is to seek out mentors. They can be anyone, anywhere who has experience in the fields you are interested in. Then in engineering school, you'll have access to job fairs and recruiters who are seeking out people like yourself. You can make contacts through professors who often have contacts in various companies and friends who can lead you to opportunities. If you're a dedicated student, a professor will agree to write you a recommendation letter. My first recommendation was from a professor who was one of the original authors of PL1 (remember that? :-) ) And it got me my first job at IBM in Poughkeepsie, which was a tremendous kick. And finally, get on the job boards. In my day, we had "want ads" and had to seek out publications. With the internet, you have access to literally hundreds of thousands of opportunities with companies looking for you. Look through the job descriptions and send in your resume to those that look interesting. Just keep at it. If you hit on a recruiter or company rep who sees a match in you, they'll follow through. And finally, don't look at being rejected as a failure. Remember that an employer is not just looking for "good" people, but for the "right" person for the job. And most of the time, only the employer will know exactly what that is. The job descriptions, in my experience, seldom tell you all the employer is really looking for. Keep at it. It's like being in a candy store as a young kid -- there's so much good stuff that it takes a lot of time to just go through it all.
Nicole’s Answer
I think that part of answering this question includes recognizing if the person who is seeking a job after graduation is interested in academia ( working at a college/university), working for a company, working for a government entity or building their own business. I call out this consideration because it can be a strong determinant as to what path you take to apply for a job.
It is also pretty good practice to begin your job search before you graduate. A possible window is sometime between the beginning of your senior year and 3 months before graduation. Really what this can do is to ensure that you have good job prospects lined up before you have completed your college journey. It can also be a tremendous stress reliever :).
The actual application process can and should have multiple approaches. In the age of 2020, online tools like LinkedIn and a seemingly countless string of job websites are probably good places to start. I also agree that recommendations on where to apply, from individuals you trust, like professors and others that you have a professional working relationship with can be helpful in the search for jobs. Finally, don't forget about applying to jobs for companies that you have admired or wondered about from a distance. Most reputable companies have websites that allow you to look up open positions via "Career" links on their websites. In my view, one of the awesome things about having an engineering degree is the level of flexibility and options it can provide for the degree holder and for the potential employer.
Best of luck on the search!