6 answers
Excellence
Student
Texas City, Texas
2
Questions
Asked
691 views
Where should I start in pursuing Illustration/Cartooning/Art in Texas?
Hello, I am a sophomore in high school. I want to be an 2D Animator or Illustrator when I grow up, however I live in Texas with the rest of my immediate family. There are not many opportunities I have found for colleges and job opportunities relating to 2D Animation or Illustration in Texas. I really want the college I attend to have a drawing heavy art major instead of a painting heavy art major, but I can’t find a college in or near Texas that provides that. Can you guys help me?
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6 answers
Allen Foster
Interior Designer
1
Answer
Cleveland, Ohio
Updated
Allen’s Answer
I was an Art major at the University of North Texas in Denton (north of Dallas/Fort Worth). I graduated in 1981, so I’m sure there have been changes, probably improvements. I was looking for a major in Interior Design, but most colleges in Texas offered that in their Home Economics programs. At North Texas, it was a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. I really got a lot from all the classes I took in the Art Department, and exhibitions of student work in other areas (drawing, painting, printmaking, weaving, etc.) were always compelling.
Check it out. unt.edu
Allen recommends the following next steps:
Dr H
Dr. H's Research
202
Answers
Australia
Updated
Dr’s Answer
Hey Excellence, what a cool goal you have! 🎨 Whether it's 2D animation or illustration, you're on the path to some awesome creative adventures! Let’s break this down, step by step, and get you on the road to success—because with that drive, you're already halfway there! 🌟
1. Finding the Right College
It’s true, Texas might not be the first place that comes to mind for animation and illustration, but don't worry—there are still great options! Here are a few that could fit your vibe:
University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin)
They offer studio art majors with a focus on drawing (win!), and they have a really solid reputation. Plus, the Austin area is an artistic hub with plenty of creative opportunities, from galleries to animation studios. 🎥🎨
Texas State University (San Marcos)
They have a fine arts program with a strong emphasis on drawing and animation, and their faculty are experienced in both traditional and digital art forms. This could be a perfect fit for your 2D animation interests!
Rice University (Houston)
While Rice is known for its overall academic excellence, its visual and dramatic arts program can also be a good place to explore if you're serious about art. While they lean towards conceptual and mixed-media work, you can still find some traditional drawing options that will allow you to get a strong foundation.
The Art Institute of Austin
A smaller but solid option for those interested in 2D animation and illustration. They focus on media arts and entertainment, so this could be your go-to for hands-on, industry-focused training in animation.
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) - Atlanta, Georgia
Alright, so this one’s not exactly in Texas—but it’s just a plane ride away! SCAD is legendary for its animation and illustration programs, and they’re known for offering a LOT of drawing-heavy courses. Plus, they’re super well-connected to the animation industry, which can help you land internships and jobs post-graduation. ✈️
2. Opportunities While in High School
You don’t have to wait until college to dive into the world of illustration and animation! Here are some things you can do while still in high school to start building your portfolio and learning the ropes:
Art Competitions and Exhibitions: Many cities and schools offer local competitions or art exhibitions. You could even look for digital art contests to build your portfolio. 💻🎨
Online Courses: Platforms like Skillshare, Udemy, or Coursera have tons of classes in digital art, 2D animation, and drawing. Check out courses by professionals who work at places like Disney or Cartoon Network!
Social Media & Networking: Start sharing your work on Instagram or ArtStation. Building an online presence can help you get noticed by industry professionals and connect with other artists! KeepItCreative 💫
3. What About the Job Scene in Texas?
While Texas isn’t known for animation like California, it still has some hidden gems. Cities like Austin and Dallas have growing creative scenes, including animation studios, game development, and advertising firms that need illustrators and animators.
Austin has places like Rooster Teeth, famous for animation and digital content, and Buda-based Moonbot Studios, working in animation.
Dallas is home to some creative agencies and studios like Giant Noise, which offer opportunities in animation, illustration, and digital media.
4. Bottom Line: Keep Exploring & Build That Portfolio!
The art world is HUGE, and Texas might not be a giant animation hub, but that doesn’t mean you can’t thrive. Just keep drawing (whether it’s traditional or digital), and make sure your portfolio shows off your best skills and creativity. As for schools, you’ve got some great options in-state, and many schools around the country (and even online) offer programs that cater to 2D animation. Keep pushing, keep learning, and keep making art—because your future as an animator or illustrator is out there, waiting for you to bring it to life! 🎬💡
Best of luck, Excellence! You got this- go be excellent! ✨
1. Finding the Right College
It’s true, Texas might not be the first place that comes to mind for animation and illustration, but don't worry—there are still great options! Here are a few that could fit your vibe:
University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin)
They offer studio art majors with a focus on drawing (win!), and they have a really solid reputation. Plus, the Austin area is an artistic hub with plenty of creative opportunities, from galleries to animation studios. 🎥🎨
Texas State University (San Marcos)
They have a fine arts program with a strong emphasis on drawing and animation, and their faculty are experienced in both traditional and digital art forms. This could be a perfect fit for your 2D animation interests!
Rice University (Houston)
While Rice is known for its overall academic excellence, its visual and dramatic arts program can also be a good place to explore if you're serious about art. While they lean towards conceptual and mixed-media work, you can still find some traditional drawing options that will allow you to get a strong foundation.
The Art Institute of Austin
A smaller but solid option for those interested in 2D animation and illustration. They focus on media arts and entertainment, so this could be your go-to for hands-on, industry-focused training in animation.
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) - Atlanta, Georgia
Alright, so this one’s not exactly in Texas—but it’s just a plane ride away! SCAD is legendary for its animation and illustration programs, and they’re known for offering a LOT of drawing-heavy courses. Plus, they’re super well-connected to the animation industry, which can help you land internships and jobs post-graduation. ✈️
2. Opportunities While in High School
You don’t have to wait until college to dive into the world of illustration and animation! Here are some things you can do while still in high school to start building your portfolio and learning the ropes:
Art Competitions and Exhibitions: Many cities and schools offer local competitions or art exhibitions. You could even look for digital art contests to build your portfolio. 💻🎨
Online Courses: Platforms like Skillshare, Udemy, or Coursera have tons of classes in digital art, 2D animation, and drawing. Check out courses by professionals who work at places like Disney or Cartoon Network!
Social Media & Networking: Start sharing your work on Instagram or ArtStation. Building an online presence can help you get noticed by industry professionals and connect with other artists! KeepItCreative 💫
3. What About the Job Scene in Texas?
While Texas isn’t known for animation like California, it still has some hidden gems. Cities like Austin and Dallas have growing creative scenes, including animation studios, game development, and advertising firms that need illustrators and animators.
Austin has places like Rooster Teeth, famous for animation and digital content, and Buda-based Moonbot Studios, working in animation.
Dallas is home to some creative agencies and studios like Giant Noise, which offer opportunities in animation, illustration, and digital media.
4. Bottom Line: Keep Exploring & Build That Portfolio!
The art world is HUGE, and Texas might not be a giant animation hub, but that doesn’t mean you can’t thrive. Just keep drawing (whether it’s traditional or digital), and make sure your portfolio shows off your best skills and creativity. As for schools, you’ve got some great options in-state, and many schools around the country (and even online) offer programs that cater to 2D animation. Keep pushing, keep learning, and keep making art—because your future as an animator or illustrator is out there, waiting for you to bring it to life! 🎬💡
Best of luck, Excellence! You got this- go be excellent! ✨
Iryna Tam
Writer, copywriter
197
Answers
Hagerstown, Maryland
Updated
Iryna’s Answer
Hi!
It's great to hear about your passion for 2D animation and illustration! Texas has several opportunities for studying art, including illustration and animation. Here are some steps and options to help you get started on your journey in Texas:
1. Explore Colleges with Strong Art Programs
Several colleges and universities in Texas offer programs in illustration, animation, and related fields. Here are a few options to consider:
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) - Atlanta and Savannah:
While SCAD primarily operates in Georgia, it has a strong reputation for animation and illustration. They offer various degrees in these fields. Consider attending their open house or online events.
University of North Texas (UNT) - Denton:
UNT offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Communication Design with a focus on visual communication, which can include illustration. They have a solid foundation in graphic design and illustration.
Texas State University - San Marcos:
Texas State offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Communication Design. Students can focus on digital and print illustration and very likely get access to courses that relate to character design and storytelling.
Art Institute of Houston:
The Art Institute offers programs in Media Arts & Animation. It’s worth checking their offerings for a focus on illustration and animation.
Sam Houston State University - Huntsville:
Offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Art with a concentration in Graphic Design. While it may not be specifically illustration, you can focus on drawing and design disciplines.
Rice University:
Although primarily an academic powerhouse, Rice has a great visual arts program with strong faculty support.
2. Attend Art and Animation Workshops
Local Workshops: Look for local workshops or summer programs focused on illustration or animation. Many art studios and community colleges offer classes in these areas.
Online Courses: Platforms like Skillshare, Udemy, or Coursera offer online courses on 2D animation, character design, and illustration that you can take advantage of while still in high school.
3. Build Your Portfolio
Create and Develop Your Art: Start a portfolio that showcases your best work. Include a variety of pieces that highlight your skills in illustration and animation.
Participate in Contests: Join local art contests, including those offered by schools or art organizations. This will help you gain exposure and add to your portfolio.
4. Networking and Community Engagement
Connect with Local Artists: Look for local art clubs, meetups, or groups focused on drawing or illustration. Engaging with peers and professionals can provide support and encouragement.
Attend Conventions: Participate in local comic or animation conventions in Texas, such as Dallas Fan Expo or San Antonio's Alamo City Comic Con. These events often include workshops and panels.
5. Research Online Programs
Consider Online Art Schools: Some online institutions, like Full Sail University or Academy of Art University, provide strong programs in animation and illustration that can be accessed from anywhere in Texas.
6. Talk to Your High School Counselor
Career Counseling: Your school counselor can help you explore options, including dual-credit courses or local colleges that offer relevant programs. They may have information about programs or scholarships.
While it may seem challenging to find illustration and 2D animation programs in Texas, there are many options available to you. Research the colleges listed above, consider attending workshops and online courses, and focus on building a strong portfolio. Connecting with local artists and events will also enhance your experience and network. Stay passionate about your interests, and you’ll find the right path toward a successful career in illustration and animation!
Good luck!
It's great to hear about your passion for 2D animation and illustration! Texas has several opportunities for studying art, including illustration and animation. Here are some steps and options to help you get started on your journey in Texas:
1. Explore Colleges with Strong Art Programs
Several colleges and universities in Texas offer programs in illustration, animation, and related fields. Here are a few options to consider:
Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) - Atlanta and Savannah:
While SCAD primarily operates in Georgia, it has a strong reputation for animation and illustration. They offer various degrees in these fields. Consider attending their open house or online events.
University of North Texas (UNT) - Denton:
UNT offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Communication Design with a focus on visual communication, which can include illustration. They have a solid foundation in graphic design and illustration.
Texas State University - San Marcos:
Texas State offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Communication Design. Students can focus on digital and print illustration and very likely get access to courses that relate to character design and storytelling.
Art Institute of Houston:
The Art Institute offers programs in Media Arts & Animation. It’s worth checking their offerings for a focus on illustration and animation.
Sam Houston State University - Huntsville:
Offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Art with a concentration in Graphic Design. While it may not be specifically illustration, you can focus on drawing and design disciplines.
Rice University:
Although primarily an academic powerhouse, Rice has a great visual arts program with strong faculty support.
2. Attend Art and Animation Workshops
Local Workshops: Look for local workshops or summer programs focused on illustration or animation. Many art studios and community colleges offer classes in these areas.
Online Courses: Platforms like Skillshare, Udemy, or Coursera offer online courses on 2D animation, character design, and illustration that you can take advantage of while still in high school.
3. Build Your Portfolio
Create and Develop Your Art: Start a portfolio that showcases your best work. Include a variety of pieces that highlight your skills in illustration and animation.
Participate in Contests: Join local art contests, including those offered by schools or art organizations. This will help you gain exposure and add to your portfolio.
4. Networking and Community Engagement
Connect with Local Artists: Look for local art clubs, meetups, or groups focused on drawing or illustration. Engaging with peers and professionals can provide support and encouragement.
Attend Conventions: Participate in local comic or animation conventions in Texas, such as Dallas Fan Expo or San Antonio's Alamo City Comic Con. These events often include workshops and panels.
5. Research Online Programs
Consider Online Art Schools: Some online institutions, like Full Sail University or Academy of Art University, provide strong programs in animation and illustration that can be accessed from anywhere in Texas.
6. Talk to Your High School Counselor
Career Counseling: Your school counselor can help you explore options, including dual-credit courses or local colleges that offer relevant programs. They may have information about programs or scholarships.
While it may seem challenging to find illustration and 2D animation programs in Texas, there are many options available to you. Research the colleges listed above, consider attending workshops and online courses, and focus on building a strong portfolio. Connecting with local artists and events will also enhance your experience and network. Stay passionate about your interests, and you’ll find the right path toward a successful career in illustration and animation!
Good luck!
Thank you for sharing your perspective.
Excellence
Arnold Legaspi
Artist
1
Answer
Calamba, Calabarzon, Philippines
Updated
Arnold’s Answer
Hi, I am not in Texas and I am not in the US so I cannot advice you regarding where to pursue art in Texas but I can give you a small advice on how to start your path into becoming a good illustrator and 2D animator eventually. First is to make it a habit to draw using a basic pencil and if you need eraser, you can have one plus of course a small sketch pad or a drawing notebook. Always having it in your bag or pocket with a pencil and whenever you have free time - draw! Draw anything and draw from your memory/imagination or from a reference. If you want to be a 2D animator one day just like my dream when I was young - study anatomy and how anatomy or things move. But in starting up your dream as an artist you start by becoming a good freehand artist. Start to copy or even trace your favorite drawings, copy them relentlessly and one day you'll gonna find yourself as good or even much better than your favorite illustrators. But always stay humble and true to yourself, always be kind to others because that is one of the roots of all success. Do not go after money but be wise all the time and always look forward for the advancement of the team and company you belong with and they will be the one who will push you to success too. I hope I answered some of your queries somehow. Thanks and good luck!
I appreciate this, thank you for the advice.
Excellence
Angela Y. Smithers
User Interface Design
9
Answers
Washington, Washington
Updated
Angela Y.’s Answer
Hi there!
I grew up in Texas and received my art degree from an institution in Texas. Unfortunately, but perhaps for the best, all the Art Institutes across the nation closed October 2023. This included the Art Institutes in Dallas and Houston.
You're research is correct. 2D Animator or Illustrator as a major in Texas is not available because the tuition spent cannot be justified. Graduates rarely leave Texas and thus never find a job to use the degree they paid for. Are you ultimately willing to leave Texas when your degree is complete?
What I would tell you is not any different from what I would say to any other high school student seeking a profession. Take the end-goal (in this case: 2D Animator or Illustrator) and reverse engineer it. Find companies who have 2D Animators or Illustrators on their staff in LinkedIn. (LinkedIn does have a student version for high school students of your school participates) Then analyze which design schools those 2D Animators or Illustrators attended by clicking on their profile. Do this for at least 21 working professionals.
Do you notice a pattern? Did they attend one or multiple schools? Were any of those schools in Texas?
Telling you a secret: not all art schools are worth their salt. Employers rarely hire from certain ones ... for good reason.
The Art Institutes were very hands-on and art focused. Even the liberal arts classes were geared to use a student's art talents in some way. You will not find that with traditional state colleges/universities.
And forget "online art schools"! You absolutely want to be on campus -- as an art major, you need access to the equipment and machinery. As an animator, you still want access to powerful PCs; you may find yourself in the PC lab running two PCs simultaneously. Unless you have piles of money and your own art studio, your tuition contributed to the university's art budget so make use of that equipment.
If you simply want a degree from Texas, attend any 4-year school and work on your 2D Animator or Illustrator portfolio on the side.
I grew up in Texas and received my art degree from an institution in Texas. Unfortunately, but perhaps for the best, all the Art Institutes across the nation closed October 2023. This included the Art Institutes in Dallas and Houston.
You're research is correct. 2D Animator or Illustrator as a major in Texas is not available because the tuition spent cannot be justified. Graduates rarely leave Texas and thus never find a job to use the degree they paid for. Are you ultimately willing to leave Texas when your degree is complete?
What I would tell you is not any different from what I would say to any other high school student seeking a profession. Take the end-goal (in this case: 2D Animator or Illustrator) and reverse engineer it. Find companies who have 2D Animators or Illustrators on their staff in LinkedIn. (LinkedIn does have a student version for high school students of your school participates) Then analyze which design schools those 2D Animators or Illustrators attended by clicking on their profile. Do this for at least 21 working professionals.
Do you notice a pattern? Did they attend one or multiple schools? Were any of those schools in Texas?
Telling you a secret: not all art schools are worth their salt. Employers rarely hire from certain ones ... for good reason.
The Art Institutes were very hands-on and art focused. Even the liberal arts classes were geared to use a student's art talents in some way. You will not find that with traditional state colleges/universities.
And forget "online art schools"! You absolutely want to be on campus -- as an art major, you need access to the equipment and machinery. As an animator, you still want access to powerful PCs; you may find yourself in the PC lab running two PCs simultaneously. Unless you have piles of money and your own art studio, your tuition contributed to the university's art budget so make use of that equipment.
If you simply want a degree from Texas, attend any 4-year school and work on your 2D Animator or Illustrator portfolio on the side.
Thank you so much!
Excellence
James Constantine Frangos
Consultant Dietitian-Nutritionist & Software Developer since 1972 🡆 Optimization Of Human Performance: jim.frangos@gmail
6778
Answers
Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Updated
James Constantine’s Answer
Good Day Excellence!
Where to Start in Pursuing Illustration/Cartooning/Art in Texas
To pursue a career in 2D Animation or Illustration while living in Texas, you can follow a structured approach that includes education, skill development, networking, and exploring job opportunities. Here’s a detailed breakdown of steps you can take:
1. Research Educational Institutions:
Art Schools and Universities: Look for colleges that offer strong programs in illustration and animation. Some notable institutions in Texas include:
The University of Texas at Austin: Offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Design with a focus on various disciplines including illustration.
Texas State University: Their BFA program includes an emphasis on communication design which covers aspects of illustration.
Sam Houston State University: Offers a BFA in Art with options that may align with your interests.
The Art Institute of Dallas: Although it has faced some challenges, it historically offered programs focused on animation and design.
Community Colleges: Consider starting at a community college where you can take foundational art courses before transferring to a university. This can be more affordable and provide essential skills.
2. Develop Your Skills:
Online Courses and Workshops: Platforms like Coursera, Skillshare, or Udemy offer courses specifically tailored to illustration and animation. These can supplement your formal education.
Practice Regularly: Dedicate time each day to draw, sketch, and create digital art. Building a portfolio is crucial for both college applications and future job opportunities.
3. Build a Portfolio:
Create a diverse portfolio showcasing your best work in illustration and animation. Include character designs, storyboards, concept art, and any completed animations.
Use platforms like Behance or ArtStation to display your work online.
4. Networking:
Attend local art shows, conventions (like Comic-Con), or workshops to meet professionals in the field.
Join online communities related to animation and illustration (such as forums on Reddit or Facebook groups) where you can share your work and receive feedback.
5. Internships and Job Opportunities:
Look for internships at local studios or companies that specialize in animation or graphic design. Gaining real-world experience is invaluable.
Explore job boards specific to the creative industry such as CreativeHeads.net or AnimationJobs.com for entry-level positions.
6. Stay Updated on Industry Trends:
Follow industry leaders on social media platforms like Instagram or Twitter to stay informed about trends in illustration and animation.
Subscribe to relevant magazines or websites such as Animation Magazine or Cartoonbrew.com for news about the industry.
7. Consider Online Programs:
If local options are limited, consider accredited online programs that specialize in 2D Animation or Illustration from reputable institutions.
By following these steps systematically, you will be able to build the necessary skills and connections needed for a successful career in 2D Animation or Illustration while residing in Texas.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:
University of Texas at Austin: Provides comprehensive information about their art programs including degrees focused on design and illustration.
Texas State University: Offers details regarding their Bachelor of Fine Arts program which encompasses various aspects of visual arts including communication design.
Animation Magazine: A leading publication that covers news, trends, and educational resources related to the animation industry.
Probability the answer is correct: 95%
✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯
|==========================God Bless You, Richly!==========================|
|===========================James Constantine===========================|
|==================THE AUSTRALIAN OUTBACK DIETITIAN===================|
|==================Programming For Your Nutrition Education==================|
|============================~ Since 1972!==============================|
✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯
Where to Start in Pursuing Illustration/Cartooning/Art in Texas
To pursue a career in 2D Animation or Illustration while living in Texas, you can follow a structured approach that includes education, skill development, networking, and exploring job opportunities. Here’s a detailed breakdown of steps you can take:
1. Research Educational Institutions:
Art Schools and Universities: Look for colleges that offer strong programs in illustration and animation. Some notable institutions in Texas include:
The University of Texas at Austin: Offers a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) in Design with a focus on various disciplines including illustration.
Texas State University: Their BFA program includes an emphasis on communication design which covers aspects of illustration.
Sam Houston State University: Offers a BFA in Art with options that may align with your interests.
The Art Institute of Dallas: Although it has faced some challenges, it historically offered programs focused on animation and design.
Community Colleges: Consider starting at a community college where you can take foundational art courses before transferring to a university. This can be more affordable and provide essential skills.
2. Develop Your Skills:
Online Courses and Workshops: Platforms like Coursera, Skillshare, or Udemy offer courses specifically tailored to illustration and animation. These can supplement your formal education.
Practice Regularly: Dedicate time each day to draw, sketch, and create digital art. Building a portfolio is crucial for both college applications and future job opportunities.
3. Build a Portfolio:
Create a diverse portfolio showcasing your best work in illustration and animation. Include character designs, storyboards, concept art, and any completed animations.
Use platforms like Behance or ArtStation to display your work online.
4. Networking:
Attend local art shows, conventions (like Comic-Con), or workshops to meet professionals in the field.
Join online communities related to animation and illustration (such as forums on Reddit or Facebook groups) where you can share your work and receive feedback.
5. Internships and Job Opportunities:
Look for internships at local studios or companies that specialize in animation or graphic design. Gaining real-world experience is invaluable.
Explore job boards specific to the creative industry such as CreativeHeads.net or AnimationJobs.com for entry-level positions.
6. Stay Updated on Industry Trends:
Follow industry leaders on social media platforms like Instagram or Twitter to stay informed about trends in illustration and animation.
Subscribe to relevant magazines or websites such as Animation Magazine or Cartoonbrew.com for news about the industry.
7. Consider Online Programs:
If local options are limited, consider accredited online programs that specialize in 2D Animation or Illustration from reputable institutions.
By following these steps systematically, you will be able to build the necessary skills and connections needed for a successful career in 2D Animation or Illustration while residing in Texas.
Top 3 Authoritative Sources Used:
University of Texas at Austin: Provides comprehensive information about their art programs including degrees focused on design and illustration.
Texas State University: Offers details regarding their Bachelor of Fine Arts program which encompasses various aspects of visual arts including communication design.
Animation Magazine: A leading publication that covers news, trends, and educational resources related to the animation industry.
Probability the answer is correct: 95%
✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯
|==========================God Bless You, Richly!==========================|
|===========================James Constantine===========================|
|==================THE AUSTRALIAN OUTBACK DIETITIAN===================|
|==================Programming For Your Nutrition Education==================|
|============================~ Since 1972!==============================|
✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯✯